Maybe it's just considering de facto control? Israel currently controls the whole Egypt-Palestine border, so there's no land controlled by any form of Palestinian government that has a border with Egypt
Edit: or it's an artifact of the "exclaves have otherwise been ignored" part, if the West Bank is considered the core and Gaza is an exclave of that
France has a land border with Brazil - in fact, it's its longest border with any country. But I realize that non-contiguous countries pose quite a challenge for this type of layout.
It's funny looking at the islands, because if you look at the Caribbeans, especially Cuba, they're close to the nearest continental country, so you might assume at first that they made it work that way for all Islands, and then as you keep going around it keeps getting worst until you have Japan next to Lithuania.
San Marino, Vatican City, Liechtenstein, Andorra, Mongolia, Nepal, Bhutan, Palestine and Lesotho all have in common being landlocked countries with one or two bigger countries surrounding them. If I'm not mistaken, all of them have somewhat differing political systems to the countries surrounding them.
It made me think about that "maps only need 4 colors" (I don't remember the proper name, but it's an idea that maps with political borders can paint every state/country/whatever using 4 different colors and you'll never get the same color bordering another), seems like the perfect opportunity to see if it applies here
And well, it's actually mathematically proven, but not for maps with disjointed regions that need to be colored the same, such as Alaska + mainland USA.
(In that particular case, it's not too difficult to resolve, but you don't get a guarantee for it.)
The map in the post actually merges such disjointed regions, though, so it absolutely should work there.
East Africa and the Balkans took a little bit of figuring out
Edit: and sure enough, there's actually a mistake in East Africa. DR Congo and Tanzania shouldn't be the same colour. I think it can be fixed with the following changes: