Are there any immutable distros meant for NAS systems or home servers?
Are there any immutable distros meant for NAS systems or home servers?
Edit2: OK Per feedback I am going to have a dedicated external NAS and a separate homeserver. The NAS will probably run TrueNAS. The homeserver will use an immutable os like fedora silverblue. I am doing a dedicated NAS because it can be good at doing one thing - serving files and making backups. Then my homeserver can be good at doing whatever I want it to do without accidentally torching my data.
I haven't found any good information on which distro to use for the NAS I am building. Sure, there are a few out there. But as far as I can tell, none are immutable and that seems to be the new thing for long term durability.
Edit: One requirement is it will run a media server with hardware transcoding. I'm not quite sure if I can containerize jellyfin and still easily hardware transcode without a more expensive processor that supports hyper-v.
What functionality do you want from your NAS? If it's simple NFS and Samba then I imagine you can choose whatever you want really.
It's mostly for running media servers like jellyfin.
If the software you want to run has flatpak then I imagine you can try out Fedora Silverblue, Jellyfin do have a flatpak.
Personally I run my Jellyfin on a virtual Debian Bookworm server with transcoding off, my Jellyfin clients don't need the help.
I always clone my Jellyfin server before apt update && apt upgrade to be able to rollback.
Oh, and my NAS (network attached storage) isn't on the same machine, my Jellyfin server use Samba and /mnt/media/libraryfolders, so cloning it is quick and easy.
I use NixOS for this. It works wonderfully.
Immutable means different things to different people, but to me:
- Different programs don't conflict with each other.
- My entire server config is stored in a versioned Git repo.
- I can rollback OS updates trivially and pick which base OS version I want to use.
As of my understanding, immutable systems are useful for Devices that are more bound to change, like a Desktop you actually use to install programs try out things and so on.
I do not see much benefit here for a stable server system. If you are worried about stability and uptime, a testing system does a better job here, IMHO.
Yeah that part confuses me too. It’s a NAS. Install something simple and whatever services you need and I can’t imagine it breaking any time soon. Shit as long as someone else has tested the software I’d be more than happy to install something complex… Which I have and has been running for almost 10 years now with no issues. FreeNAS has been rock solid for me and it sure as hell ain’t minimal.
Immutable systems are useful for separating the system and application layers and to enable clean and easy rollbacks. On servers the applications are often already separated anyway through the use of container technologies. So having atomic system updates could enable faster and less risky security patching without changing anything about how applications are handled.
As of my understanding, immutable systems are useful for Devices that are more bound to change, like a Desktop...I do not see much benefit here for a stable server system.
This logic is kind of backwards, or rather incomplete. Immutable typically means that the core system doesn't change outside of upgrades. I would prioritize putting an immutable OS on a server over a desktop if I was forced to pick one or the other (nothing wrong with immutable on both), simply because I don't want the server OS to change outside of very controlled and specific circumstances. An immutable server OS helps ensure that stability you speak of, not to mention it can thwart some malware. The consequences of losing a server is typically higher than losing a desktop, hence me prioritizing the server.
In a perfect world, you're right, the server remains stable and doesn't need immutablitiy...but then so does the desktop.
"just buy another server"
Virtual machines also exist. I once got bit by a proxmox upgrade, so I built a proxmox vm on that proxmox host, mirroring my physical setup, that ran a debian vm inside of the paravirtualized proxmox instance. They were set to canary upgrade a day before my bare-metal host. If the canary debian vm didn't ping back to my update script, the script would exit and email me letting me know that something was about to break in the real upgrade process. Since then, even though I'm no longer using proxmox, basically all my infrastructure mirrors the same philosophy. All of my containers/pods/workflows canary build and test themselves before upgrading the real ones I use in my homelab "production". You don't always need a second physical copy of hardware to have an appropriate testing/canary system.
my other server is a cloud tho
I would think that any immutable linux distribution would be suitable. Just configure it with the services that you want. Is there any special need that you specifically need?
Honestly I had never built an NAS and installed an OS on it before. I've only ever used the junk that ASUSTOR puts out and I want to have control over things. So a good part of the reason I asked on here was to see what other people had done and why.
Just think of the NAS like a desktop that you ssh into. The only difference is that you install the server version of the distro. If you know how to use a desktop Linux box and configure it via the command like you can do so with a server. It will be the same except over ssh.
Hardware wise, normal desktop parts are good enough to build a NAS. You don’t need to buy anything special that is NAS specific. The only exception might be the case. If you want a lot of storage the case should be able to accommodate that. Some desktop cases don’t have 3.5” drive slots anymore.
Just use TrueNAS scale
Flatcar linux (this is what I use for my NAS/homeserver) and CoreOS are both good.
edit: OpenSUSE has microOS: https://microos.opensuse.org/
MicroOS from OpenSUSE. nice thing is initial config at boot is similar to nix config where you can set everything like network, user, passwords, installed packages, etc. this is done via ignition and combuation files. Has a handy file creator to make life . https://opensuse.github.io/fuel-ignition/edit
github.com/secureblue/secureblue
It has a server variant!
I find it easier to use than CoreOS as I never dealt with learning how to use this ignite thing. And also they are hardened, which is important especially for servers.
Oh I like the look of that.
It works great, after dealing with lots of the opinionated stuff, adding a userns variant, making Flatpaks work, disabling CUPS instead of removing it etc it is now very usable on the Desktop.
Server should just be as good. Use Podman for containers, installing Docker will weaken the security I guess.
Containerization is not virtualization, so why would it have any bearing on hardware transcoding?
I found this guide for setting up GPU access for Unprivileged LXC containers when I googled around:
Giving a LXC guest GPU access allows you to use a GPU in a guest while it is still available for use in the host machine.
https://bookstack.swigg.net/books/linux/page/lxc-gpu-accessTalked about here:
https://old.reddit.com/r/Proxmox/comments/15zbjyl/proxmox_igpu_passthrough_to_multiple_lxc_plex/jxgn7pb/Several comments specifically talked about VMs for the various apps. And frankly I'm not super familiar with the limitations of containerizing apps either. That's part of why I was looking for an immutable os + flatpacks / snaps - it's much more similar to a normal linux system just organized in a way to not break shit.
Use containers (Docker or LXC) instead of VMs.
Just use anything and set up a good workflow with snapshots.
Have a “current” snapshot, rollback to it before using and then re-snapshot over it.
Now your system is immutable in practice but you can still edit /etc to debug.
Typically on a home server you would virtualize services anyway so it really doesn't matter what distro is running on the metal.
And also if you're fully virtualized you can switch out the host distro anytime you want, so you can adopt an immutable one later if you want.
Why do you want an immutable distro anyway?
I want immutability because I come from a the debian world where everything just works. But I want the benefits of using modern versions of packages.
I'm using Unraid, which is built on top of Slackware. It has a very nice Docker web UI for apps like Jellyfin. It's not immutable though. I don't know of any NAS-specific OSes that are immutable.