dan @upvote.au Aussie living in the San Francisco Bay Area. Coding since 1998. .NET Foundation member. C# fan https://d.sb/ Mastodon: @[email protected]
There's a good explanation about that here: https://webaim.org/blog/user-agent-string-history/
The issue is that a lot of sites used the user-agent to determine if the browser supported particular features (e.g. show a fancy version of a site if the user is using Netscape, otherwise show a basic version for Mosaic, lynx, etc). New browsers had to pretend to be the old good browsers to get the good versions of sites
This is why getting rid of the user agent is a good thing. Sniffing the UA is a mess.
Do they use the BSD userland instead? Interesting...
I think Alpine uses Busybox, but it's feasible for a Linux distro to use BSD coreutils. Not sure if any do that, though.
User agents were commonly used for the wrong reasons - fingerprinting, sites that block particular browsers rather than using proper feature detection, etc. so I'm glad to see them slowly going away.
Interesting... I didn't realise Skylake isn't supported. I agree with your comment. I thought people were talking about much older equipment.
TPM 2 has been around since 2015ish and I wouldn't be surprised if Windows starts relying on it more heavily. A lot of businesses have already required employees to use computers with TPM 2.0 for a long time, and enterprise use is a big focus for Microsoft.
not counting systems that use the Linux kernel but aren't considered a traditional GNU+Linux desktop.
Does that mean you don't count Alpine towards Linux market share? It mostly doesn't use any GNU stuff.
You can also compile the kernel with LLVM instead of gcc, use musl instead of glibc, and use BSD coreutils instead of GNU coreutils.
User agent strings are frozen these days, at least in Chrome. They still have the browser major version and OS name at least, but Windows will always report Windows 10, Android will always report Android 10, MacOS will always report 10.15.7, and Linux is just "Linux x86_64": https://www.chromium.org/updates/ua-reduction/
User agent strings are essentially deprecated and nobody should be using them any more. They've been replaced by User-Agent Client Hints, where the site can request the data it needs, and some high-entropy things (ie fields that vary a lot between users) can prompt the user for permission to share them first.
The thing is that most Windows users don't care and will continue to use it. People like you and I know about the benefits of Linux, but sometimes we overestimate how much regular users care about the OS they're using.
Forced restart for software updates
If anything, they're moving in the opposite direction. Windows Server 2025 is going to support hotpatching, which means that system updates can be applied without needing to reboot. Not sure if the technology will come to consumer Windows though.
Require new CPUs and motherboards / hardware, ignoring the market for old computers.
How long do you expect legacy hardware to be supported for?
every day we get closer and closer to ctOS in Watch Dogs becoming a reality
I legitimately can't tell if this is satire or not. I think you're confusing the USA with a European country that actually has data privacy and consumer protection laws.
Debian gives you a choice though. If you want stability, install the stable release. If you want newer packages, install the testing release. Just be sure to get security updates from unstable (sid) if you do that.
"stable" in this context means that stuff doesn't change often. It doesn't mean "stable" as in reliable / never crashes, although Debian is good at that too.
I think you're looking for Debian. If you want newer packages, run testing instead of stable.
it's not "stable"
"stable" in this case means that it doesn't change often. Debian stable is called that because no major version changes are performed during the entire cycle of a release.
It doesn't mean "stable" as in "never crashes", although Debian is good at that too.
Arch is definitely not "stable" using that definition!
The tweet at the top has the rest of them attached as a screenshot which does make it a bit confusing.
Lake Superior's tweet (the "innermost" one) came first. Tom quote-retweeted it. Lake superior replied to Tom's tweet. Ron took a screenshot of the whole exchange and posted it as his own tweet.
Yeah, for sure. Same reason a bunch of subscription stuff goes up in price after a year or two.
I've seen many a terrible containerized monolithic app.
I've seen plenty of self-hosters complain when an app needs multiple containers, to the point where people make unofficial containers containing everything. I used to get downvoted a LOT on Reddit when I commented saying that separating individual systems/daemons into separate containers is the best practice with Docker.
Docker is still useful even for apps that compile to a single executable, as the app may still depend on a particular environment setup, particular libraries being available, etc.
Are there better alternatives for newbs who just wanna self host stuff?
Docker is great for a beginner, and even for an expert too. I've been self-hosting for 20 years and love Docker.
Back in "the old days", we'd use Linux-VServer to containerize stuff. It was a bit like LXC is today. You get a container that shares the same kernel, and have to install an OS inside it. The Docker approach of having an immutable container and all data stored in separate volumes was a game changer. It makes upgrades so much simpler since it can just throw away the container and build a new one.
The main alternative to Docker is Podman. Podman uses the same images/containers as Docker - technically they're "OCI containers" and both Docker and Podman implement the OCI spec.
Podman's architecture is different. The main difference with Podman is that it never runs as root, so it's better for security. With Docker, you can either run it as root or in rootless mode, but the default is running it as root.
Ask the 100,000 people that downloaded Boost, not me.
Spectacle export to SFTP?
I noticed that Spectacle has an option to upload to Imgur and Nextcloud. Is there a way to allow it to upload to an SFTP server?
Ideally I'd like for it to upload the file via SFTP then put the URL on my clipboard, which is what I do with ShareX on Windows.
Lighter weight replacements for Sentry bug logging
I love Sentry, but it's very heavy. It runs close to 50 Docker containers, some of which use more than 1GB RAM each. I'm running it on a VPS with 10GB RAM and it barely fits on there. They used to say 8GB RAM is required but bumped it to 16GB RAM after I started using it.
It's built for large-scale deployments and has a nice scalable enterprise-ready design using things like Apache Kafka, but I just don't need that since all I'm using it for is tracking bugs in some relatively small C# and JavaScript projects, which may amount to a few hundred events per week if that. I don't use any of the fancier features in Sentry, like the live session recording / replay or the performance analytics.
I could move it to one of my 16GB or 24GB RAM systems, but instead I'm looking to evaluate some lighter-weight systems to replace it. What I need is:
- Support for C# and JavaScript, including mapping stack traces to original source code using debug symbols for C# and source maps for JavaScript.
- Ideally supports React component stack traces in JS.
- Automatically group the same bugs together, if multiple people hit the same issue
- See how many users are affected by a bug
- Ignore particular errors
- Mark a bug as "fixed in next release" and reopen it if it's logged again in a new release
- Associate bugs with GitHub issues
- Ideally supports login via OpenID Connect
Any suggestions?
Thanks!
New California laws taking effect in 2024
New California laws taking effect in 2024 will increase wages, provide more sick days, and make it less expensive to rent an apartment.
Help with powertop idle state output
On a small form factor PC with an i5-9500, Debian 12, 6.2.16 kernel, running Proxmox, powertop shows the following idle stats:
```
PowerTOP 2.14 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables WakeUp
Pkg(HW) | Core(HW) | CPU(OS) 0 | | C0 active 2.8% | | POLL 0.0% 0.0 ms | | C1 1.1% 0.4 ms C2 (pc2) 7.2% | | C3 (pc3) 5.5% | C3 (cc3) 0.0% | C3 0.1% 0.1 ms C6 (pc6) 1.5% | C6 (cc6) 1.9% | C6 2.2% 0.6 ms C7 (pc7) 75.2% | C7 (cc7) 92.8% | C7s 0.0% 0.0 ms C8 (pc8) 0.0% | | C8 21.5% 2.5 ms C9 (pc9) 0.0% | | C9 0.0% 0.0 ms C10 (pc10) 0.0% | | | | C10 72.8% 12.5 ms | | C1E 0.4% 0.2 ms
| Core(HW) | CPU(OS) 1 | | C0 active 1.4% | | POLL 0.0% 0.0 ms | | C1 0.7% 0.9 ms | | | C3 (cc3) 0.1% | C3 0.1% 0.2 ms | C6 (cc6) 1.0% | C6 1.1% 0.8 ms | C7 (cc7) 96.3% | C7s 0.0% 0.0 ms | | C8 18.9% 2.9 ms | | C9 0.0% 0.0 ms | | | | C10 78.3% 24.8 ms | | C1E 0.0% 0.0 ms ... ```
On a custom-built server with an i5-13500, Asus Pro WS W680M-ACE SE motherboard, Unraid (which uses Slackware), 6.1.38 kernel, it shows the following output: ``` PowerTOP 2.15 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables WakeUp
Pkg(HW) | Core(HW) | CPU(OS) 0 CPU(OS) 1 | | C0 active 5.9% 0.9% | | POLL 0.1% 0.0 ms 0.0% 0.0 ms | | C1_ACPI 14.2% 0.2 ms 1.0% 0.1 ms C2 (pc2) 0.0% | | C2_ACPI 39.2% 0.8 ms 27.0% 0.9 ms C3 (pc3) 0.0% | C3 (cc3) 0.0% | C3_ACPI 33.6% 1.2 ms 69.7% 3.0 ms C6 (pc6) 0.0% | C6 (cc6) 1.1% | C7 (pc7) 0.0% | C7 (cc7) 0.0% | C8 (pc8) 0.0% | | C9 (pc9) 0.0% | | C10 (pc10) 0.0% | |
| Core(HW) | CPU(OS) 2 CPU(OS) 3 | | C0 active 10.4% 0.5% | | POLL 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% 0.0 ms | | C1_ACPI 17.4% 0.2 ms 0.4% 0.2 ms | | C2_ACPI 14.3% 0.8 ms 4.9% 0.6 ms | C3 (cc3) 0.0% | C3_ACPI 41.8% 5.4 ms 93.5% 5.5 ms | C6 (cc6) 5.9% | | C7 (cc7) 26.7% | | | | | | |
| Core(HW) | CPU(OS) 4 CPU(OS) 5 | | C0 active 11.7% 0.2% | | POLL 0.0% 0.1 ms 0.0% 0.0 ms | | C1_ACPI 19.0% 0.1 ms 0.0% 0.0 ms | | C2_ACPI 11.3% 0.7 ms 0.0% 0.0 ms | C3 (cc3) 0.0% | C3_ACPI 39.6% 7.7 ms 99.6% 7.0 ms | C6 (cc6) 1.3% | | C7 (cc7) 25.4% | ... ```
Both systems have C-states enabled in the BIOS.
I have a few questions I'm hoping someone can help with:
- Why does the older system show more C-states in the right-most "CPU(OS)" column?
- What does it mean when they're suffixed with "_ACPI" like in the output from the new system?
- How do I debug the new system not hitting any CPU package C-states?
I can't find any documentation about this, neither on the man page nor on Intel's site (the official powertop URL https://01.org/powertop doesn't go anywhere useful any more).
Thanks!
Looking for simple analytics (similar to Plausible) that supports cookies
Google Analytics is broken on a bunch of my sites thanks to the GA4 migration. Since I have to update everything anyways, I'm looking at the possibility of replacing Google Analytics with something I self-host that's more privacy-focused.
I've tried Plausible, Umami and Swetrix (the latter of which I like the most). They're all very lightweight and most are pretty efficient due to their use of a column-oriented database (Clickhouse) for storing the analytics data - makes way more sense than a row-oriented database like MySQL for this use case.
However, these systems are all cookie-less. This is usually fine, however one of my sites is commonly used in schools on their computers. Cookieless analytics works by tracking sessions based on IP address and user-agent, so in places like schools with one external IP and the same browser on every computer, it just looks like one user in the analytics. I'd like to know the actual number of users.
I'm looking for a similarly lightweight analytics system that does use cookies (first-party cookies only) to handle this particular use case. Does anyone know of one?
Thanks!
Edit: it doesn't have to actually be a cookie - just being able to explicitly specify a session ID instead of inferring one based on IP and user-agent would suffice.
ATX case with room for 5 hard drives
I'm replacing an SFF PC (HP ProDesk 600 G5 SFF) I'm using as a server with a larger one that'll function as a server and a NAS, and all I want is a case that would have been commonplace 10-15 years ago:
- Fits an ATX motherboard.
- Fits at least 4-5 hard drives.
- Is okay sitting on its side instead of upright (or even better, is built to be horizontal) since it'll be sitting on a wire shelving unit (replacing the SFF PC here: https://upvote.au/post/11946)
- No glass side panel, since it'll be sitting horizontally.
- Ideally space for a fan on the left panel
It seems like cases like this are hard to find these days. The two I see recommended are the Fractal Design Define R5 and the Cooler Master N400, both of which are quite old. The Streacom F12C was really nice but it's long gone now, having been discontinued many years ago.
Unfortunately I don't have enough depth for a full-depth rackmount server; I've got a very shallow rack just for networking equipment.
Does anyone have recommendations for any cases that fit these requirements?
My desktop PC has a Fractal Design Define R4 that I bought close to 10 years ago... I'm tempted to just buy a new case for it and repurpose the Define R4 for the server.
NAS vs larger server
Sorry for the long post. tl;dr: I've already got a small home server and need more storage. Do I replace an existing server with one that has more hard drive bays, or do I get a separate NAS device? ________
I've got some storage VPSes "in the cloud":
- 10TB disk / 2GB RAM with HostHatch in LA
- 100GB NVMe / 16GB RAM with HostHatch in LA
- 3.5TB disk / 2GB RAM with Servarica in Canada
The 10TB VPS has various files on it - offsite storage of alert clips from my cameras, photos, music (which I use with Plex on the NVMe VPS via NFS), other miscellaneous files (using Seafile), backups from all my other VPSes, etc. The 3.5TB one is for a backup of the most important files from that.
The issue I have with the VPSes is that since they're shared servers, there's limits in terms of how much CPU I can use. For example, I want to run PhotoStructure for all my photos, but it needs to analyze all the files initially. I limit Plex to maximum 50% of one CPU, but limiting things like PhotoStructure would make them way slower.
I've had these for a few years. I got them when I had an apartment with no space for a NAS, expensive power, and unreliable Comcast internet. Times change... Now I've got a house with space for home servers, solar panels so running a server is "free", and 10Gbps symmetric internet thanks to a local ISP, Sonic.
Currently, at home I've got one server: A HP ProDesk SFF PC with a Core i5-9500, 32GB RAM, 1TB NVMe, and a single 14TB WD Purple Pro drive. It records my security cameras (using Blue Iris) and runs home automation stuff (Home Assistant, etc). It pulls around 41 watts with its regular load: 3 VMs, ~12% CPU usage, constant ~34Mbps traffic from the security cameras, all being written to disk.
So, I want to move a lot of these files from the 10TB VPS into my house. 10TB is a good amount of space for me, maybe in RAID5 or whatever is recommended instead these days. I'd keep the 10TB VPS for offsite backups and camera alerts, and cancel the other two.
Trying to work out the best approach:
- Buy a NAS. Something like a QNAP TS-464 or Synology DS923+. Ideally 10GbE since my network and internet connection are both 10Gbps.
- Replace my current server with a bigger one. I'm happy with my current one; all I really need is something with more hard drive bays. The SFF PC only has a single drive bay, its motherboard only has a single 6Gbps SATA port, and the only PCIe slots are taken by a 10Gbps network adapter and a Google Coral TPU.
- Build a NAS PC and use it alongside my current server. TrueNAS seems interesting now that they have a Linux version (TrueNAS Scale). Unraid looks nice too.
Any thoughts? I'm leaning towards option 2 since it'll use less space and power compared to having two separate systems, but maybe I should keep security camera stuff separate? Not sure.
10Gbps internet connection isn't maxing out 2.5Gbps network card?
I have a 10Gbps internet connection. On a system with a 10Gbps Ethernet card, I can get ~8Gbps down and ~6Gbps up:
I'd expect this to easily max out a 2.5Gbps network connection. However, while the upload is maxed (or close to it), I can only ever get ~1.0 to 1.5Gbps down:
Both tests were performed on the same system. The only difference is that the first one uses a TRENDnet 10Gbps PCIe network card (which uses an Aquantia AQC107 chipset) whereas the second one uses the onboard NIC on my motherboard (Intel I225-V chipset).
This is consistent across two devices that have 10Gbps ports and two devices that have 2.5Gbps ports.
I'm using an AdTran 622v ONT provided by my internet provider, a TP-Link ER8411 router, and a MikroTik CRS312-4C+8XG-RM switch. I'm using CAT6 cabling, except for the connection between the router and the switch which uses an SFP+ DAC cable.
I haven't been able to figure it out. The 'slower' speeds are still great, I just don't understand why it can't achieve more than 1.5Gbps down over a 2.5Gbps network connection.
Any ideas?
My 10Gbps Home Networking Closet
I couldn't find a "Home Networking" community, so this seemed like the best place to post :)
My house has this small closet in the hallway and thought it'd make a perfect place to put networking equipment. I got an electrician to install power outlets in it, ran some CAT6 myself (through the wall, down into the crawlspace, to several rooms), and now I finally have a proper networking setup that isn't just cables running across the floor.
The rack is a basic StarTech two-post rack (https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001U14MO8/) and the shelving unit is an AmazonBasics one that ended up perfectly fitting the space (https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B09W2X5Y8F/).
In the rack, from top to bottom (prices in US dollars):
- TP-Link ER8411 10Gbps router. My main complaint about it is that the eight 'RJ45' ports are all Gigabit, and there's only two 10Gbps ports (one SFP+ for WAN, and one SFP+ for LAN). It can definitely reach 10Gbps NAT throughput though. $350
- Wiitek SFP+ to RJ45 module for connecting Sonic's ONT (which only has an RJ45 port), and 10Gtek SFP+ DAC cable to connect router to switch.
- MikroTik CRS312-4C+8XG-RM managed switch (runs RouterOS). 12 x 10Gbps ports. I bought it online from Europe, so it ended up being \~$520 all-in, including shipping.
- Cable Matters 24-port keystone patch panel.
- TP-Link TL-SG1218MPE 16-port Gigabit PoE switch. 250 W PoE power budget. Used for security cameras - three cameras installed so far.
- Tripp Lite 14 outlet PDU.
Other stuff:
- AdTran 622v ONT provided by my internet provider (Sonic), mounted to the wall.
- HP ProDesk 600 G5 SFF PC with Core i5-9500. Using it for a home server running Home Assistant, Blue Iris, Node-RED, Zigbee2MQTT, and a few other things. Bought it off eBay for $200.
- Sonoff Zigbee dongle plugged in to the front USB port
- (next to the PC) Raspberry Pi 4B with SATA SSD plugged in to it. Not doing anything at the moment, as I migrated everything to the PC.
- (not pictured) Wireless access point is just a basic Netgear one I bought from Costco a few years ago. It's sitting on the top shelf. I'm going to replace it with a TP-Link Omada ceiling-mounted one once their wifi 7 access points have been released.
Speed test: https://www.speedtest.net/my-result/d/3740ce8b-bba5-486f-9aad-beb187bd1cdc
Edit: Sorry, I don't know why the image is rotated :/ The file looks fine on my computer.
Can't search for communities in Mastodon
Hi!
I just created a Lemmy server at https://upvote.au/ for my personal use. I created a test community with a test post, but searching for it in Mastodon doesn't work. I tried searching for both @[email protected] and @[email protected]. I see the requests in the Nginx log:
172.19.0.5 - - [13/Jun/2023:22:57:06 -0700] "GET /.well-known/webfinger?resource=acct:[email protected] HTTP/1.1" 200 312 "-" "http.rb/5.1.1 (Mastodon/4.1.2; +https://toot.d.sb/)" 172.19.0.5 - - [13/Jun/2023:22:57:06 -0700] "GET /c/test HTTP/1.1" 200 10033 "-" "http.rb/5.1.1 (Mastodon/4.1.2; +https://toot.d.sb/)"
However, no results appear in Mastodon.
Any ideas?