Twenty-nine research teams analyzed the same data, and they all reached different results.
Twenty-nine research teams analyzed the same data, and they all reached different results.
https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/science-isnt-broken/
Another study with the same goal of comparing the results from different research teams found similar disparities, though the graphs aren't quite as pretty.
What do you mean, all different? Most are exactly the same. The first 4 are a bit low and the last 3 a bit high, but last 2 and first also extremely wide, so irrelevant anyway. Everything else agrees, most within >99 % confidence with only slight differences on the absolute values.
9 of the teams reaching a different conclusion is a pretty large group. Nearly a third of the teams, using what I assume are legitimate methods, disagree with the findings of the other 20 teams.
Sure, not all teams disagree, but a lot do. So the issue is whether or not the current research paradigm correctly answers "subjective" questions such as these.
I wish science was a simple as taking the mean and confidence intervals.
And if you get only the statistically significant ones, it gets even more visible.
The chart sure makes it look like there was an overall consensus that refs are about 1.5x as likely, though.
Obligatory link to Statistics Done Wrong: The Woefully Complete Guide, a book on how statistics can and has been abused in subtle and insidious ways, sometimes recklessly. Specifically, the chapters on the consequences of underpowered statistics and comparing statistical significance between studies.
I'm no expert on statistics, but I know enough that repeated experiments should not yield wildly different results unless: 1) the phenomenon under observation is extremely subtle so results are getting lost in noise, 2) the experiments were performed incorrectly, or 3) the results aren't wildly divergent after all.
- the whole point of statistics is to extract subtle signals from noise, if you're getting wildly different results, the problem is you're under-powered.
Thanks for taking the time to post these links, just letting you know you're efforts have benefited at least one person who's gonna enjoy reading this.
I really found this out while writing my essay. If I wanted to I could interpret it slightly differently, resulting in totally different results.
Ah, the ol' art and science of statistics.
Scientists who fiddle around like this — just about all of them do, Simonsohn told me — aren’t usually committing fraud, nor are they intending to. They’re just falling prey to natural human biases that lead them to tip the scales and set up studies to produce false-positive results.
Since publishing novel results can garner a scientist rewards such as tenure and jobs, there’s ample incentive to p-hack.
I mean really, making claims they aren't committing fraud yet in the very next paragraph demonstrates their motivation... To commit fraud
Nevermind the numerous cases of published papers being bunk. And that something like 80% of published science isn't reproduceable...which is part of what publishing is to enable.
Why have 4 of the studies seemingly not used error bars at all‽ Like I get that different analyses will arrive at different results, but they should always have error bars, right?