Why are there "driveway connections by permit only" signs on roads?
Why are there "driveway connections by permit only" signs on roads?
I get signs telling you there's a bump ahead, or deer might run out in front of you, but I've never understood why there are signs telling people not to build unlawful driveways. Are that many people doing it on a daily basis in that area that they need a fully visible sign? Surely it's just an ordinance, why does it need a road sign?
I've been wondering this for years and hope someone has an answer that makes sense.
I've never seen such a sign, but I'll take a guess what it might be referring to. Here in California, the definition of a freeway does not have anything to do with number of lanes, speed limits, the presence of freight traffic, or any affiliation with the National Highway System. Instead, it is defined in the California Vehicle Code section 332 as:
a highway in respect to which the owners of abutting lands have no right or easement of access to or from their abutting lands or in respect to which such owners have only limited or restricted right or easement of access.
This roughly corresponds to what the Wikipedia describes in its page on "controlled access highways", a term which includes the California and USA federal government's term of freeway or the eastern US states' term of expressway or the British motorway. That is, a road which all ways onto and off of the road are carefully crafted.
There are many roads in California and the United States which will meet the requirements outlined by the Interstate Highway standards, and will look and feel like an interstate freeway, from the signs and lane markings and shoulder sizing.
But none of that matters for the California legal definition of freeway. Indeed, some freeway-looking roads will have signs that say "end freeway" or "start of freeway" with no other visual cues. And this is because the California Department of Transportation (CalTrans) has not acquired the property rights from adjacent landowners to prohibit building driveways onto the public right-of-way.
To clarify, a right-of-way is not an individual right like free speech or freedom against unreasonable searches. Rather, it's a legal term referring to a property right, namely a grant of access on/over some piece of property in order to cross it. In the case of public roads, the property right is held by a public entity, and that means the public can use it. Since a right-of-way is a type of property, there are rights implied by a right-of-way. So a right-of-way right. Yeah, lawyers named things badly here. Anyway...
A feature of public rights-of-way is that any adjacent private properties can connect to and travel upon the right-of-way. The rationale -- to oversimplifying things -- is that if the public entity could deny the right -- including to build a driveway -- then a property could end up with zero ways to access it without trespassing, making it impossible to enter or exit, which makes the property near worthless. It is an age-old rule from English Law that rendering property worthless is bad, so private property rights necessarily comes with an implicit ability to connect to adjacent public rights-of-way.
But property rights are a bundle which can be sold separately by their owner. For example, many suburban property owners don't own the rights to minerals underneath the land, since the preceding developers sold that right to someone else. And so the state -- through CalTrans -- or the city or county can buy (often through eminent domain) just that single right from the property owners. Thus, the properties along a road might -- unnoticeable to the naked eye -- not be legally allowed to build a driveway, having shed that legal right away by forced-yet-fully-compensated sale.
To that end, it's possible that a sign warning against illegal driveways is the state's way of preventing future land owners from trying to build such driveways, since those owners would lose in court. If the state has acquired such rights, it's usually because the road is planned to become a freeway or expressway (a limited-access road, in California terminology), or they wish to preserve that possibility early and for cheap. So far as I'm aware, in California the right is only ever acquired for state roads, with the sole exception of the expressways in Santa Clara County, because they planned well ahead in the 60s.
Other states may be similar, by extrapolation.
TL;DR: OP's state might be hedging their bets to build a future freeway, and wants to prevent future legal issues with landowners, since the state knows it would win those cases
Another possibility is related to a [citation needed] claim about the Romans and their roads. Roman roads are remarkable in that some have stood the test of time, some still recognizable today, I'm told.
Supposedly, Roman roads were engineered as all-weather roads because their engineers understood the importance of drainage. Water destroys all, in what we understand today as freeze/thaw cycles and soil erosion undermining the road foundation.
It is said [again, citation needed] that the penalty for messing with the drainage of a Roman road was severe, possibly being the death penalty.
As roads then and now are often constructed with flanking drainage ditches, adding a driveway would necessarily affect the drainage of the road if done improperly, so perhaps some jurisdictions prohibit driveways additions unless properly engineered and permitted.
TL:DR: could modern governments be following the same logic undertaken by the Romans about road drainage? Have you thought about the Roman Empire today? :)
/s
This was fascinating! Thanks for it.
No problem! This is a topic which I've been strangely fascinated for years about, although we'll might not know if it actually answers the case that OP described.
This kinda all started when I was learning how to drive, and kept seeing people online talking about how "in California, no one has the right of way, but can only yield it". This was puzzling to me as a student driver, because obviously I have the right to the street if I'm in it.... right? No.
It all made sense when I finally determined after some research that "right-of-way" meant the property that the state/county/city owns, meaning that all the drivers are temporary guests upon the right-of-way, and thus have to yield it to each other in an orderly fashion, like passing around a can of Axe body spray in the high school locker rooms.
Indeed, driving in California doesn't really have any absolute rights whatsoever, since no situation affords anyone an absolute ability to do something. A green light doesn't mean blindly drive into an intersection, since the Anti-Gridlock Act of 1987 prohibits causing actual gridlock, and pedestrians can still cross if they entered lawfully, among other things. Even an ambulance or fire-truck cannot blindly drive waywardly into the street, expecting everyone to get out of the way. There are enough rules that it's easier to just say no rights really exist, and everyone just has to calmly and fairly cooperate so that everyone makes it home alive.
Suffice it to say, there are zero absolutes. And that's probably for the best, since if there were absolutes, so-called self-driving cars would probably be mowing down pedestrians, cyclists, and other motorists with full force of law.
There's also the whole topic about property and property rights that could put first-year law students to sleep, about how a separated property right can in-fact be a property unto itself, with its own rights about how it can be disposed of, and with whose permission. It's rights all the way down lol
That's a wild take, thanks for writing it up. I'm in Tennessee, and it feels like our state isn't as shrewd as that, but I could be wrong.
It’s Tennessee, they’re used to the tide of stupid and long ago settled on a solution
Theres also a very simple additional reason.
So people who own the land alongside the road cant just drive up and onto the road wherever they feel like. Safe place or not.
Innnnteresting. That's an angle I hadn't thought about before.
Others have answered why it is a law. But why does it need a road sign? You haven't talked about where you live, but I assume it is a rural place that is slowly suburbanizing by people splitting their property into smaller parcels and building on that as the paperwork is generally easier and that form of density is baked into the zoning of the area.
The problem with this type of building over larger subdivisions is that the road network usually isn't as developed, since a developer isn't building the internal road system nor possibly paying for improvements to nearby infrastructure. You also have less experienced developers, generally. Many times, these can be the home owners building themselves and sometimes acting as the general contractor. These smaller future home owners may not be aware of all the paperwork required to develop their property.
Yep, it's the road sign part that gets me confused. I live in Tennessee. I suppose that makes some sense but I still don't know if I understand why it needs a sign vs just having an ordinance and fining people who don't follow it. In my brain, road signs are for things you might need to know in the spur of the moment. It's not like people are going "Whoops I just built an unapproved driveway!"
The MUTCD has signs for "other regulatory" purposes which are to remind drivers on what the law is.
And highway maintenance is such that roads aren't going to be inspected for years at a time.
Where you live, do you require permits? Is it enforced? Is this some “small government “ idea of enforcing permitting?
Where I live you can't simply bring a driveway out to the road. You have to get permission from the township and pay for access. They come out, install a culvert, install a blue 911 flag with your number on it, and build a driveway connection to their standards. It costs several thousand dollars.
now, what I wonder is: what stops you from bringing out a driveway to within a foot of the road and then just letting people drive over a foot of grass?
I can only see this being stopped by a particularly high curb, and it technically doesn't connect to the roadway.
There's is a road allowance between the edge of the road and the edge of your property. In our case is about 20 feet wide. You're not allowed to build on that road allowance. We also have a deep ditch that requires a culvert and several loads of gravel.
Ditches, which are part of the overall road design. The road isn't just the asphalt, it's the ditch and probably beyond too.
It’s probably the end result of a Republican controlled legislature enacting laws to regulate nonexistent problems—I’m sure some state rep had a friend who owned a sign vendor so he pushed through a local ordinance requiring signage to declare that you can’t drive onto a road, all sold as blocking “illegals” from “getting drivers licenses.”
ppl like me who dgaf and just drive through the ditch
I have also wondered this for years! Googled it once, and found bupkis. Really hoping someone here has an answer!