How did I forget WARs...I literally work with Jakarta quite often including for work lol. Bundling exes is a cheap trick, just a JAR with an exe header, can usually even be run like a jar so not sure I count that but yeah
I think they are referring to crates vs binaries vs cargo binaries.
Crates are your libraries, not meant to be standalone, binaries are your .exe, cargo binaries are meant to be compiled by cargo on your machine and run through cargo, ex: cargo sqlx
They might also refer test binaries and example binaries which are two executables that only compile the tesrs and the examples to make sure they work, but apart from that idk