Smoking, and to a lesser extent non-combustible nicotine use, is associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption and risky drinking.
Smoking, and to a lesser extent non-combustible nicotine use, is associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption and risky drinking.
This study aimed to estimate differences in alcohol consumption, receipt of alcohol brief intervention, and alcohol reduction attempts by smoking status and use of non-combustible nicotine (including e-cigarettes, nicotine replacement therapy, heated tobacco products, or nicotine pouches). Data were...
I don’t envy researchers tasked with validating common sense conclusions, but someone has to do it
"do people with substance addictions also have other substances addictions" seems like a REALLY hard thing to control for too.
The paper doesn't make any claims about causal relationships, it only looks at co-occurance. So no need to account for confounding factors.
Ya don't say!