"If, Then, Goto" Statements in Geometry?

X and Y are not geometry in this instance. They are variables.

As an example if X is 5 and Y is 10, when reading line 30 the code will be False and the program will do the next step of running line 40. Now, as X (5) is less than Y (10) the statement is True and the THAN operation is executed, which will skip straight to line 70. Finally in the console of this script/app the program will write out the variables of X and Y then finally it will close.

As the other person already said, this isn't specific to geometry. The best keyword I can think of is "algorithm". The lines in the exercise are a relatively simple algorithm.

If you're in a geometry class, your teacher might be preparing you for something like this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo_(programming_language)
Basically, it is a fun way of using algorithms to draw geometry.

But because it's very visual and very simple, it's actually also a good way to get a better grip on algorithms. So, even if your teacher doesn't plan to use it, you could benefit from playing around with it, if the exercise in the screenshot is giving you pause.
There's for example this website, where you can do some exercises with it: https://turtleacademy.com

As others said, this isn’t geometry per se, and it’s from an ancient albeit simple programming language. But really, it’s just a logic problem- you can read this aloud in plain English and you can solve it in plain English too. You can type it into an online basic interpreter to play with it too- that’s how many, many people got into computers back in the day. https://repl.endbasic.dev