The regular ls -l doesn't show the inode on my system, though. I only realized it when I had assigned more permissions to the file and those got reset by deleting the file. The last-modified timestamp also gets updated each time, but I only spotted that afterwards...
You do need a NerdFont for this, as gets mentioned in the Starship installation guide. I'm specifically using the NerdFont variant of Fira Mono here, but you don't have to use that for this setup.
(I made some light customizations to the preset. If you specifically want those, you can have them, too, but I only set this up two days ago, so I don't know yet how well it works.)