As someone who speaks both French and English, I'm surprised to see French as leading "information density" language. Most French terms have been incorporated into English. Language tends to be behind on technology terms. Language doesn't have any noticeable difference in short syllable common words to English. It also seems to me that French speakers have an easier time in being vague. I have the impression that English is more precise.
In most cases, being vague requires more informational transfer. To be vague but still connected to whatever is the signified, you need to give more information around the idea rather than simply stating the idea. Think about being vague about how you feel versus being blunt about it.
Yeah like "qu'est-ce que c'est ?" Which is just "what's that?" (I speak both too) would never have guessed French had more information encoded, french translations are always longer too (but you don't always pronounce all ofc).
Yeah, I could also see there being variability between dialects and how much they respectively pronounce in a word. "What's that?" could easily become "waz-at?" which is much quicker to say.
I had the same feeling. I honestly just feel like English is a junk drawer of depth borrowing various languages, but maybe average speakers don't try to dig deep into it?
The tenses don't add precision, IMO. There is a plural them instead of him/her but it sounds the same as the singular him/her. There is a plural you that sounds different, but there is also a polite singular you that is the plural you.
Both were massive empires. Makes sense that imperialism would put selective pressure on language. Historically you're either limited in words by space on a paper or what can be easily repeated by messengers.