You can turn off the internet access at almost all Tuya devices by making use of the local tuya HACS add on in home assistant. Maybe that's helpful for your research
I like my Venstar Explorer Minis. They have both a local API and cloud, both of which can be disabled independently (so you can have local ON and cloud OFF).
I use the Sensi ST55 with the Home Assistant HomeKit integration. I got it from my utility company for $1 as part of an Earth Day promotion, but they sell it for $25 now. You might be able to find it pretty cheap where you are.
I got my Ecobee from our utility company for like $25 and it comes with a remote temp sensor/mmwave radar sensor which is great for home assistant presence detection.
Honeywell T6 ZWave is great. Simple, classic touchscreen controls, and local radio control that just works. No AI funny business either. Mine is hooked up to Home Assistant via a Zooz USB dongle.
I’ve greatly enjoyed ZWave things in general compared to the wild west of ZigBee and WiFi devices. They’re sometimes more pricey, but they pretty much just work.
Recently I went through some pain with this myself. Had a full Heatmiser setup with wireless receivers in every room and 2 manifold controllers for our underfloor heating on two floors.
The devices ate batteries like nothing I've seen before and regularly dropped off the network and didn't send call to heat signals properly, so I decided to switch out the thermostats for cheap ZigBee temperature sensors.
I then ordered a relay board from AliExpress with a baked in esp8266 cheap and flashed esphome onto it. These replaced my manifold controllers
After trial and error, I now have my heating system run by esphome and home assistant. It has been faultless! Will probably reinstall the Heatmiser kit if I sold the house though
I don't have any smart home devices yet. The replies to this question make me think it might be more complicated than I want to do yet. Doesn't seem like there's just a standalone unit that I could get.
Yeah, I don't blame you not wanting to commit to a hub if you'd only have this thermostat.
Depending on what features you want maybe you could find an offline one with those features built in. I know there's ones with schedules and presence detection that are fully offline.
I'm pretty sure sensi thermostats, when controlled by home assistant, do what you want. I haven't confirmed they don't still try to phone home, but that could be dealt with by some firewall rules. Other thermostats that support homekit should also work.
Same except I don't bother blocking it from the internet in case I want to use their app instead of home assistant. Haven't noticed any issues doing it this way. AFAIK there are no fees or anything associated with it and I can't imagine my thermostat temperature data is making them any money.
It also knows when you're home based on the occupancy sensors. I'm also not worried with their data collection so, mine is also not blocked from internet access.
If so, an esp32 or esp8266 running esphome and an ir led connected to a pin might be a solution.
Would cost like 3 dollars in parts from AliExpress, and you could connect it to home assistant or node red for more control or automation.
You could also add a temp sensor like for example ds18b20, which are also pretty cheap, if you want to be able to read temperature remotely or automate based on temp
What’s the thermostat controlling? How is it wired up? I replaced mine with ram esphome with a temp sensor and a relay that bridges the pins when it wants to turn on. Mine is connected to home assistant but i think you can use esphome devices stand alone.