I'd be surprised if there is a serious language that doesn't come with at least some semi-official style guide. But usually they are not universally followed and everybody just does their own thing.
Just to add, I’d argue dotnet has one of the best sets of guidance on style. It goes beyond just naming and towards how to structure code for easier consumption and consistency. People love to dump on MSFT, but the dotnet platform is superb.
To summarize the explanations i've come across: It's tailored to Google's internal teams maintaining tons of legacy C++ code, doesn't cover exception handling, and generally has outdated advice best suited for the code they developed in that time period. While their style guide is ideal for maintaining consistency with Google's existing codebase, someone working on a modern C++ project should consider using the language's more modern features and STL components
Something I'd want to note though, someone developing in C++ for an embedded platform or even working on hardware drivers would probably have very lean and mean code which doesn't conform to a particular style guide, especially ones advising against use of "unsafe" operations.