I'm learning a lot about energy in Germany this way. Thanks! So basically farmers in Germany grow food to make fuel for cars? Like ethanol? Thats an abundance of agricultural lands!

Pumped hydro is great, but will only cover that much energy. Of course, there are no alps in the Nordics, but even so.

The batteries available today cover the need for an hour of the city they are situated in. That's not enough. So for seasonal storage you'd need to store energy as heat, as chemical energy (wood/methanol) or as H2/bio, which I think is what you describe. H2 has much of the problems of batteries in terms of storage space and the risk of fires/explosions, which limits the possibilities somewhat. But if I've understood correctly from the TEN-T directive, Germany and Switzerland has invested pretty much in H2?

Heat pumps are great, and are indeed well used, they run out of steam when its below -5C, which isn't rare up here. And it's seldom used in cities. Heat pumps collecting hear from the bedrock (through a drilled 100m hole in the ground) is more common, but most common is district heating. (I got the name wrong in translation earlier)

Instead of one boiler in every house, there is one boiler per 50-100000 inhabitants or so. Efficiency is great and heat is pipes to where it is used. When it's cold (-20 or so) those boilers go through tens of semitrucks of wood every day. And as I said, it's a fairly common set up in parts of Europe, although i understand its not common i Germany.

That's a whole lot of extra steps you added there. Why not simply go harvest -> burn for heat. It's not complicated and it's been done for the last 10000 years or so😊

As for energy storage: Electricity can not practically be stored between seasons. Wood can. So sunlight from summer will not be able to power a EV in winter, but it will heat your home. And it is a way better solution than trying to produce electricity to heat your home, even if it's just recycling CO2. At least it will not add CO2, unlike the coal that would have been used instead.

68 million Europeans heat their home with some kind of central heating system. It not common in west, or central Europe, but it is in the Nordics and in the eastern part. Energy forests will be important going forward.

There must be. Recall and info sec is mutually excluding by definition!

Cool😊 the panels I've seen has been about 2m height, but that doesn't change anything. The picture in the article looks almost miniaturised.

The shade and the wind hindrance also helps with crop yield, I've been told by a farmer that is part of an experiment using these. The vertical panels help with moist retention, which is what is beneficial.

Oh, i see😊 When the EED takes effect in 2025/2026 id wager the return will be better for that use than solar panels, as all public buildings will be fitted with some sort of solar capture. Wood is a great energy store, as well, which we need more of.

Oh, and in roughly the same time frame the steps of mandatory mixing of renewable sources in central heating will start, so such agricultural land will be economically more important.

Could be a difference in availability of land, but in Sweden you'd not be granted permission for something as mundane as a solar farm if it meant taking farmland out of production.

As for the forests... That's my greatest fear, that climate change will kill off large swathes of Oxygen producers by increasing ocean temperatures or making trees unable to thrive!

How is agricultural land defined if it isn't used to grow biomass?

1. Ai, which lacks morality by definition, is as capable in morals as it is describing smells. As for that human data the question quickly becomes which data? As expressed in literature, social media or un politics? And also which century? It's enough to compare today with pre-millenia conditions to see how widely it differs.

As for 2. You assume that there is an objective reality free from emotion? There might be, but I am unsure if it can be perceived by anything living. Or AI, for that matter. It is after all, like you said, trained on human data.

Anyways, time will tell if Openai is correct in their assessment, or if humans will want the human touch. As a tool for trained professionals to use, sure. As a substitute for one? I'm not convinced yet.

I disagree with your first statement. Law is about the application of rules, not the rules themselves. In a perfect world, it would be about determining which law has precedence in matter at hand, a task in itself outside of AI capabilities as it involves weighing moral and ethical principles against eachother, but in reality it often comes down to why my interpretation of reality is the correct one.

I agree! This time last year I might not have, but things changes fast and not for the better:(

On the contrary, I'm afraid. Land is in very short supply. The issue is that even if the land is not currently developed it is doing vital stuff already. If it's used for food production, if it's a bit of forest storing massive amounts of CO2, if it's home the insects pollinating our food supply, if it's....

Finding scrap pieces of land, like roof tops/already developed land for solar will be crucial going forward.

I'm just in the beginning, but my plan is to use it to evaluate policy docs. There is so much context to keep up with, so any way to load more context into the analysis will be helpful. Learning how to add excel information in the analysis will also be a big step forward.

I will have to check out Mistral:) So far Qwen2.5 14B has been the best at providing analysis of my test scenario. But i guess an even higher parameter model will have its advantages.

And exactly why are they missing? Who stole what at Microsoft?

Thank you! Very useful. I am, again, surprised how a better way of asking questions affects the answers almost as much as using a better model.

This is expected. Oil prize has been on the decline for some time. I didn't expect demand to erode this fast, though. which I guess is kinda a good thing.

The only way forward is for renewables to become even cheaper that fossils. Which can be done. The EUs fit-for-55 will bring down energy prizes. Summertime we will see really low electricity prizes the comming decade in Europe because of this.

There is usually a 1:1 between MW:MWh at these capacities.

But per the definition given involving negative mass, it should be "meassurable mass in the presence of exotic matter". Anywho...

I need to look into flash attention! And if i understand you correctly a larger model of llama3.1 would be better prepared to handle a larger context window than a smaller llama3.1 model?

Thanks! I actually picked up the concept of context window, and from there how to create a modelfile, through one of the links provided earlier and it has made a huge difference. In your experience, would a small model like llama3.2 with a bigger context window be able to provide the same output as a big modem L, like qwen2.5:14b, with a more limited window? The bigger window obviously allow more data to be taken into account, but how does the model size compare?

Thank you for your detailed answer:) it's 20 years and 2 kids since I last tried my hand at reading code, but I'm doing my best to catch up😊 Context window is a concept I picked up from your links which has provided me much help!