I think there is, but it doesn't apply universally. I think it was one of those things designed to catch the ultra-rich who were renouncing their citizenship to get lower taxes elsewhere, but it ends up catching a lot of people who are middle class.
Even if you never plan to return, you are still (legally) on the hook to file a 1040-NR form with the IRS every year.
There's a foreign earned income tax credit: this reduces your US tax bill by any income tax you paid to your residence country. For many expat working stiffs, this means they don't have to pay anything to Uncle Sam, but they still have to file a tax return.
Even if you plan to renounce your citizenship, that's a long (and often expensive) process and you have to keep filing and paying taxes until it's done.