So interesting that this is like a global conversation. Trans people have existed, gender affirming care has been possible for 100+ years, but even the pretty right wing authoritarian Russia only banned it after it became an issue in the US, which only really happened after Obergefell in 2015 ended the gay marriage debate in the US.
I'm open to other ideas for why this became an issue. Not sure the 2018 changes to the ISD would be classified as cause or effect of the US debate.
It became a thing because right wingers need someone to blame. Conservatism only works when there's an "other" group to blame for all your problems. It's been the Jews, BIPOC, gay people, and now it's trans people.
Left or right, we all need a group to blame to keep fighting each other. For the left it's the far right, for the right it's the far left - in reality most people sit much closer to the centre than the extreme.
This move to highlight (and aggressively publicise) an anti-Trans agenda is purely to garner more support from conservative parties in the EU & US who are gaining popularity.
What a fucking war in the comments here. Absolutely offtopic.
Now, about this law. It's one more step in pursuit of what Russian government officials and propaganda calls "traditional values". It's not about right or left wing. It's about authoritarian control of what should be considered the only right (correct) point of view.
About two years ago they passed a number of changes in constitution. A definition of a family as a union between a man and a woman among them.
In last few years there were a few laws passed that criminalized vaguely defined "LGBT propaganda", first only if targeted minors, then everyone. Nonsencically written, the laws allowed to ban movies, books, sites for "making people gay" leaving a lot of opportunities for law enforcement to collect fines and bribes. Effectively it led to self-censorship of publishers, web platforms, streaming services.
However, all of it is not realy because Putin hates LGBTQ people. It's because authoritarian regime needs to suppress any opposition, any independent thinking, anything that stands out. Also, it makes a good talking point for propaganda about how Russian culture and values are superior compared to European or Western in general.