[Solved] Opening home server to the Internet via IPv6
[Solved] Opening home server to the Internet via IPv6
I've been wanting to set up a small game server on my home network for myself and a few friends lately. Nothing I haven't done before - except the part where I open it up to the internet for people outside of my home network to play on.
So I tried setting up a small web server to test out the port forwarding functionality of my router. Darkhttpd, running on a spare Raspberry Pi, works fine on the local network. After digging through the web interface, I find out that using IPv4 isn't an option because of how my ISP tunnels network traffic (sth sth Dual-Stack Lite)—fine by me, in 2024 we should be using IPv6 anyway. So I go and open up port 80 in my router's web interface.
This is where the problem begins. Everything looks fine, but I don't have ready access to a network outside of my own to check if the port is actually accessible from the internet. An online IPv6 open port checker I found tells me the ports are visible and that my ISP isn't blocking anything. Trying to bind a domain that I had lying around to my IP address, however, has resulted in failure.
I have no idea how to debug this. I'm pretty sure there's some issue on the DNS Server end, but I can't even tell if the rest of what I'm trying to do is working. And if it is, I have no idea of how to go about fixing the DNS thing.
Update: I got a friend to test it, and the web page is accessible from the internet. Problem lies with the DNS server
Update 2: After contacting my friend again for a sanity check, it seems that the DNS server works fine and my test website can indeed be reached through my domain—it's just that I can't reach it.
Update 3: After poking at various DNS servers, it appears that the Mullvad DNS servers which I use don't regularly update their records. I've now switched to Cloudflare. My router similarly implements some caching solution that, after much tinkering, I was unable to flush. For the time being I've just decided to fuck doing this properly and directly edit my /etc/resolv.conf with the Cloudflare DNS servers. If I ever manage to get this working properly, I will add a final update, but for the time being, I will consider it solved.
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Could you let us know what the DNS issue was?
The DNS issue persists. The part that my friend helped me with was determining if I configured my router firewall correctly, which I did. Currently I can reach my server from the internet only directly via its IPv6 address, with no progress on binding it to my domain name.
If you describe what you configured using DNS and what tests you've performed, people in this community could also help debug that issue as well.
An AAAA records to map a hostname to an IPv6 address should be fairly trouble-free. If you create a new record, the "dig" command should be able to query it immediately, as the DNS servers will go through to the authoritative server, which has the new record. But if you modified an existing record, then the old record's TTL value might cause the old value to remain in DNS caches for a while.
When in doubt, you can also aim "dig" at the authoritative name server directly, to rule out an issue with your local DNS server or with your ISP's DNS server.
My host records consist of a single AAAA record that points to the IP address of my server, which I verified beforehand. I've tried dig, but I'm not sure how to interpret it's output, which looks as follows:
;; Warning: Client COOKIE mismatch ; <<>> DiG 9.18.24 <<>> [domain] ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 35067 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 1232 ; COOKIE: 485ffdde4d749cd80100000066019ef6aba1fc1942596e31 (bad) ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;[domain]. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: [domain]. 3113 IN SOA dns1.registrar-servers.com. hostmaster.registrar-servers.com. 1711343555 43200 3600 604800 3601 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.178.1#53(192.168.178.1) (UDP) ;; WHEN: Mon Mar 25 17:05:52 CET 2024 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 146There is no answer ("Answer: 0"). If you got one it would be obvious because you would see the ip address. Either the DNS entry is not correct or your dig query does not work. I have not queried AAAA with dig myself yet and I am lazy on mobile. But you can try specifying manually using
dig AAAA <your hostname>(at least that works with MX, TXT, CNAME and NS) records. (At least from the question section in your output it just says "A", not sure.)Edit: the output of dig is actually quite simple. Lines starting with ; are comments just four your information and improved formatting. Most you can ignore but some are helpful. Most important for you is stuff below your "Answer section" since everything below is, well, the answer for your query. If you do not have one (like in your example) the query did not return any results. This is also stated relatively at the top where it gives you a summary of the numer of queries, answers, authorities, ... the request+response contained. There is also the question section (as a comment) which shows an A request, not AAAA. I think that shoud state the query you made which is not what you wanted. (Could be wrong though; never paid attention to that).
Thanks for the answer! Unfortunately, the response from
dig AAAAis rather lackluster:; <<>> DiG 9.18.24 <<>> AAAA [domain] ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14166 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;[domain]. IN AAAA ;; Query time: 19 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.178.1#53(192.168.178.1) (UDP) ;; WHEN: Mon Mar 25 19:22:18 CET 2024 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 34I'm starting to suspect Namecheap just hates IPv6. Their dynamic DNS service only covers v4, too
Well, uh, with Namecheap it should work just as fine as everywhere else. But as I said, I never used IPv6 and do not have anything on Namecheap anymore since I host my DNS server myself. Just a dumb question but are you sure you added the AAAA for the domain root correctly? Back when I used the web UI for DNS providers it was sometimes very confusing. Maybe you could test a subdomain? Like minecraft.yourdomain.com?
Also: you can query google.com if you want examples of how stuff looks when you get answers back.
Some further tests make it look like
digis influenced by some caching stuff going on on my PC. I figured that out while playing around with a TXT record for testing purposes, and noticing thathostanddigreturn different results for the same input.Running the commands again on my phone using Termux reveals that the AAAA record is in place and functioning, but I still can't reach the website from my browser by using the domain name.
~ $ dig [domain] ; <<>> DiG 9.16.41 <<>> [domain] ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 39355 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;[domain]. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: [domain]. 1800 IN SOA dns1.registrar-servers.com. hostmaster.registrar-servers.com. 1711402015 43200 3600 604800 3601 ;; Query time: 30 msec ;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) ;; WHEN: Mon Mar 25 22:35:59 CET 2024 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 118 ~ $ dig [domain] AAAA ; <<>> DiG 9.16.41 <<>> [domain] AAAA ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 45166 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;[domain]. IN AAAA ;; ANSWER SECTION: [domain]. 1799 IN AAAA [correct IP!] ;; Query time: 36 msec ;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) ;; WHEN: Mon Mar 25 22:36:11 CET 2024 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 73 ~ $ host -t AAAA [domain] [domain] has IPv6 address [correct IP!] ~ $If I understand correctly, you're now able to verify the AAAA on mobile. But you're still not able to connect to the web server from your mobile phone. Do I have that right?
I believe in a different comment here, you said that your mobile network doesn't support IPv6, and nor does a local WiFi network. In that case, it seems like your phone is performing DNS lookups just fine, but has no way to connect to an IPv6 destination.
If your desktop does have IPv6 connectivity but has DNS resolution issues, then I would now look into resolving that. To be clear, was your desktop a Linux/Unix system?
Correct on all counts. I'll try some other DNS servers later. Right now I'm using the Mullvad DNS servers, any suggestions for ones that support DNS over TLS?
I'm afraid I have no suggestions for DoT servers.
One tip for your debugging that might be useful is to use dig to directly query DNS servers, to help identify where a DNS issue may lay. For example, your earlier test on mobile happened to be using Google's DNS server on legacy IP (8.8.8.8). If you ran the following on your desktop, I would imagine that you would see the AAAA record:
dig @8.8.8.8 mydomain.example.com
If this succeeds, you know that Google's DNS server is a viable choice for resolving your AAAA record. You can then test your local network's DNS server, to see if it'll provide the AAAA record. And then you can test your local machine's DNS server (eg systemd-resolved). Somewhere, something is not returning your AAAA record, and you can slowly smoke it out. Good luck!