I've gotten 8 of these texts in the last 9 days. Every single one has a different URL. Out of curiosity I clicked on one of the links and chrome detected Chinese on the page but I couldn't see it anywhere.
Shouldn't be that risky, browser exploits are rare nowadays. They'll get your IP but there isn't much a scammer can do with that especially if it's a mobile data IP.
Probably, but my understanding is that knowledge of exploits pre-patch is very valuable and difficult to come by, and the more systems the hack is used on the faster it gets patched. For that reason these are only really used in high value and targeted attacks, and not so much broad net phishing campaigns.