“CSAM generated by AI is still CSAM,” DOJ says after rare arrest
“CSAM generated by AI is still CSAM,” DOJ says after rare arrest
Software engineer arrested, suspected of grooming teen with AI-generated CSAM.
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Quick things to note.
One, yes, some models were trained on CSAM. In AI you'll have checkpoints in a model. As a model learns new things, you have a new checkpoint. SD1.5 was the base model used in this. SD1.5 itself was not trained on any CSAM, but people have giving additional training to SD1.5 to create new checkpoints that have CSAM baked in. Likely, this is what this person was using.
Two, yes, you can get something out of a model that was never in the model to begin with. It's complicated, but a way to think about it is, a program draws raw pixels to the screen. Your GPU applies some math to smooth that out. That math adds additional information that the program never distinctly pushed to your screen.
Models have tensors which long story short, is a way to express an average way pixels should land to arrive at some object. This is why you see six fingered people in AI art. There wasn't any six fingered person fed into the model, what you are seeing the averaging of weights pushing pixels between two different relationships for the word "hand". That averaging is adding new information in the expression of an additional finger.
I won't deep dive into the maths of it. But there's ways to coax new ways to average weights to arrive at new outcomes. The training part is what tells the relationship between A and C to be B'. But if we wanted D' as the outcome, we could retrain the model to have C and E averaging OR we could use things call LoRAs to change the low order ranking of B' to D'. This doesn't require us to retrain the model, we are just providing guidance on ways to average things that the model has already seen. Retraining on C and E to D' is the part old models and checkpoints used to go and that requires a lot of images to retrain that. Taking the outcome B' and putting a thumb on the scale to put it to D' is an easier route, that just requires a generalized teaching of how to skew the weights and is much easier.
I know this is massively summarizing things and yeah I get it, it's a bit hard to conceptualize how we can go from something like MSAA to generating CSAM. And yeah, I'm skipping over a lot of steps here. But at the end of the day, those tensors are just numbers that tell the program how to push pixels around given a word. You can maths those numbers to give results that the numbers weren't originally arranged to do in the first place. AI models are not databases, they aren't recalling pixel for pixel images they've seen before, they're averaging out averages of averages.
I think this case will be slam dunk because highly likely this person's model was an SD1.5 checkpoint that was trained on very bad things. But with the advent of being able to change how averages themselves and not the source tensors in the model work, you can teach new ways for a model to average weights to obtain results the model didn't originally have, without any kind of source material to train the model. It's like the difference between Spatial antialiasing and MSAA.
Shouldn't the company's who have the CSAM face consequences for possession of it? Seems like a double standard.
The government should be shutting down the source material.
In the eyes of the law, intent does matter, as well as how it's responded to.
For csam material, you have to knowingly possess it or have sought to possess it.The AI companies use a project that indexes everything on the Internet, like Google, but with publicly available free output.
They use this data via another project, https://laion.ai/ , which uses the data to find images with descriptions attached, do some tricks to validate that the descriptions make sense, and then publish a list of "location of the image, description of the image" pairs.
The AI companies use that list to grab the images train an AI on them in conjunction with the description.
So, people at Stanford were doing research on the laion dataset when they found the instances of csam. The laion project pulled their datasets from being available while things were checked and new safeguards put in place.
The AI companies also pulled their models (if public) while the images were removed from the data set and new safeguards implemented.
Most of the csam images in the dataset were already gone by the time the AI companies would have attempted to access them, but some were not.A very obvious lack of intent to acquire the material, in fact a lack of awareness the material was possessed at all, transparency in response, taking steps to prevent further distribution, and taking action to prevent it from happening again both provides a defensive against accusations, and will make anyone interested less likely to want to make those accusations.
On the other hand, the people who generated the images were knowingly doing so, which is a nono.
They wouldn't be able to generate it had there been none in the training data, so I assume the labelling and verification systems you talk about aren't very good.
That's not accurate. The systems are designed to generate previously unseen concepts or images by combining known concepts.
It's why it can give you an image of a pony using a hangglider, despite never having seen that. It knows what ponies look like, and it knows what hanggliding looks like, so it can find a way to put both into the image. Where it doesn't know, it will make stuff up from what it does know, often requiring potentially very detailed user explanation to describe how a horse would fit in a hangglider, or that it shouldn't have a little person sticking out of it's back.
I think it would just create adults naked with children's faces unless it actually had CSAM... Which it probably does have.
Again, that's not how it works.
Could you hypothetically describe csam without describing an adult with a child's head, or specifying that it's a naked child?
That's what a person trying to generate csam would need to do, because it doesn't have those concepts.
If you just asked it directly, like I said "horse flying a hangglider" before, you would get what you describe because it's using the only "naked" it knows.
You would need to specifically ask it to demphasize adult characteristics and emphasize child characteristics.That doesn't mean that it was trained on that content.
For context from the article:
The DOJ alleged that evidence from his laptop showed that Anderegg "used extremely specific and explicit prompts to create these images," including "specific 'negative' prompts—that is, prompts that direct the GenAI model on what not to include in generated content—to avoid creating images that depict adults."