I've had the problem of microlags/-stuttering and rubberbanding for a few months now, although I have no packet loss and a low ping (40-50 ms with WiFi, since I don't have an Ethernet connection in the room). I am sometimes pushed back and forth by the server, the weapon sometimes changes to the old one or I can no longer precisely select the nate I actually want, even if I move my mouse wheel only slightly.
I wanted to look for solutions, but the subreddit is currently not visible and so I had to register here.
Sounds like a network issue. Do you get this issue when playing offline with bots?
Have you got netgraph ('net_graph 1' in the console) turned on? Should give you some diagnostics. When you get stutters and lag does it change at all? Like a non zero loss% or choke%? I know you said you have no packet loss but your problem sounds like it's stemming from a network issue so its best to double check.